What is gemology and when can a stone be defined as precious?

Gemology: A Science at the Service of Gems

Gemology, whose name derives from the Latin "gemma" and the Greek "logos" (reasoning or discourse), is a science that arises from the intersection with mineralogy. In addition to analyzing and studying gem materials and their properties, gemology deals with cutting, polishing and techniques for synthesizing and identifying synthetic gems. Furthermore, the discipline includes the study of precious metals and pearls, broadening its field of action. Ultimately, gemology studies the genesis, origin and properties of gems, along with identification methods for synthetic materials, imitations and counterfeits.

Definition and Classification of Gems.

A gem is generally a mineral, although organic materials such as pearls, coral, ivory and amber are exceptions. The minerals that make up gems are homogeneous substances of natural and inorganic origin, with precise chemical compositions, well-defined physical properties and a crystalline internal structure.

Valuation Criteria for Precious Gems.

Not all gems can be defined as "precious": to obtain this recognition, they must meet six fundamental parameters:

Beauty

The true beauty of a gem emerges after cutting, when its brilliance and purity are highlighted.

Durability

The stone must be resistant to dust, impacts, chemical agents and color variations.

Rarity

The more difficult a gem is to find, the greater its value.

Request

The market and demand strongly influence the evaluation of stones.

Tradition

Some gems are historically considered precious, and this tradition increases their value.

Portability

The stone must be suitable for use in jewellery, without compromising its beauty or strength.

These last three factors , demand, tradition and portability are crucial in the overall evaluation of a gem, allowing us to distinguish between precious and semi-precious stones.